##tihuan2##process of pre-treating the bog ore (Espelund 2006). These pits represent the first stages of bog iron metal work and tend to be in close proximity to bog iron sites as well as other types of settlements. In order to determine if an archaeological site was impor-tant for the production of bog iron, various site reports such as
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##tihuan2##Bog iron ore, Iron ore consisting of hydrated iron oxide minerals such as limonite and goethite formed by precipitation of groundwater flowing into wetlands. Bacterial action …
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##tihuan2##Iron Making Process. Introduction. An overview to the process and some background on how iron making came about. Smelting. The blast furnace is where bog …
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##tihuan2##In this study the term bog iron ore is used as an umbrella term for initial (< 25 mass% Fe 2 O 3) and developed (> 25 mass% Fe 2 O 3) bog iron ore samples in order …
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##tihuan2##The bog iron ore would rise up to the various creeks, rivers, and lakes of southern New Jersey. Iron forgers could harvest this bog iron ore from the creek and river beds of the region and use it to produce refined iron.
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##tihuan2##Geochemistry: Bog Iron, Culture, History, Natural Resources, and Geology. The Norse people visited North America about 1,000 years ago and established an encampment at a place we now call L'Anse aux …
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##tihuan2##As the Podravina region is a lowland area of the Drava River valley, with the natural prerequisites for the formation of bog iron ore, it has been assumed that local bog iron ore was exploited and used for iron production during the late Antiquity and early Middle Ages (Sekelj Ivančan and Marković, 2017, Brenko et al., 2020).
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##tihuan2##Making iron and steel from iron ore requires a long process of mining, crushing, separating, concentrating, mixing, agglomeration (sintering and pelletizing), and shipping to steel mills. ... (Fe 3 O 4), which is black; goethite or bog-iron ore (FeO(OH)), which is brown; and siderite (FeCO 3), which is pale brown. Hematite and magnetite are …
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##tihuan2##The processes occurring during roasting of bog iron ores were characterized using TG–DTG–DTA–QMS, XRD, FTIR and specific surface analysis. Removal of physically adsorbed water is followed by …
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##tihuan2##The Bog Iron Industry How Iron was Made at Atsion by George F. Atkin. ... or of the smelting process. ... The resultant iron oxide is deposited along streams and in bogs where, mixed with mud, it accumulates and becomes bog ore (a variety of limonite). Here, then, is the first and most important material needed for an iron industry. ...
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##tihuan2##Unlike the hydrous bog iron ore, which was commonly used for iron production in Europe (e.g., Kaczorek & Sommer, 2003), iron ore of the Abu Gerida area is anhydrous (LOI < 2 wt%) as it lacks iron ...
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##tihuan2##Bog Iron Ore: In swampy or marshy environments, goethite can accumulate in the form of "bog iron ore." Iron-rich waters react with organic matter, and when the iron precipitates, it forms goethite …
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##tihuan2##The ore was bog ore, a soft limonite ore created when iron oxide concentrates in water as it percolates through ferruginous layers of soil and marl. Heavily laden with vegetable matter, the solution seeps into the …
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##tihuan2##As the Podravina region is a lowland area of the Drava River valley, with the natural prerequisites for the formation of bog iron ore, it has been assumed that local bog iron ore was exploited and ...
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##tihuan2##In Brwinow, the bog ore formation is still an actual process, although hard bog iron ore, i.e. the better-aerated part of the profiles, has been exploited. This recent nature of formation is testified micromorphologically by numerous fillings and beds of amorphous and crystalline compounds in pores and channels in the remaining "soft" bog ...
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##tihuan2##The majority of domestic produced iron during the Viking Period was derived from bog-iron, a form of Iron consisting of hydrated iron oxide minerals such as limonite and goethite formed by precipitation of groundwater flowing into wetlands. In some parts of Sweden iron ore, in the form of a powdery ochre known as rauði (lit. 'red earth) was ...
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##tihuan2##The basis for charcoal-fueled iron production in southern New Jersey was limonite, better known as bog iron. This form of iron was created in a chemical reaction between the tannin-rich waters of the Pine Barrens and underlying iron rich sands and marls. The bog iron ore would rise up to the various creeks, rivers, and lakes of southern New Jersey.
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##tihuan2##Ore preparation processes (mechanical cleaning, roasting, crushing) can positively affect the suitability of ore for smelting in the direct process of reduction. As a rule, bog iron ore are easy to smelt, so the roasting process is possibly not absolutely necessary from the technological aspect.
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##tihuan2##For our smelting experiments we use bog iron ore as opposed to industrial iron ore mined mainly from Banded iron formations (BIFs). The common characteristic …
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##tihuan2##Some types of bog iron react slightly different than others in the smelter, reducing to a smaller amount of usable material, for example. The end result is the same, however: a lump of relatively pure iron. ... "The smelting furnace is a reduction process removing the oxygen from the ore." ...
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##tihuan2##In some regions (particularly Sweden), iron ore, rather than bog iron, was the raw material for smelting. ... Once the dry nodules or ore was in hand, the lengthy process of smelting the iron began. The smelting operation was performed in a bloomery furnace, a small clay or clay-lined shaft shown schematically to the left. The furnaces were ...
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##tihuan2##The deposit in time soon becomes of sufficient thickness to be classed as a bog-ore bed. As long as sufficient vegetation exists to act with the soluble iron salts, bog iron beds will continue to replenish themselves, a process that takes about twenty years from the time ore is removed until the new bed is thick enough for ore to be mined.
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##tihuan2##There is a long and rich history of iron ore mining and processing. Prior to the industrial revolution, most iron was obtained from widely available goethite or bog ore. Prehistoric societies used laterite as a source of iron ore. Historically, much of the iron ore utilized by industrialized societies has been mined from predominantly
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##tihuan2##Bog ore is an iron-rich sedimentary rock that was harvested locally from bogs and similar bodies of water. It was also found in fields and meadows that used to be bogs. Bog ore is often considerably less than 50% iron. The rest of the rock was made …
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##tihuan2##For the beginner looking to get a basic handle on the pre-modern iron-production process, I think D. Sim & I. Ridge, Iron for the Eagles: The Iron Industry of Roman Britain (2002) offers one of the best whole-process overviews. ... One distinction here is between bog iron and iron in ore deposits. Bog iron is formed when ground …
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##tihuan2##Bog iron is a type of iron ore composed of mostly mineral goethite and other iron-bearing minerals with impurities like clay or plant debris. Bog iron is typically rust-colored and composed of limonite.
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##tihuan2##However, there is also evidence of iron production in Turkey from 4000 years ago. The Celts improved the metal by adding some carbon and thus making steel. The technique spread over the Roman Empire. And perhaps even to Norway. In Norway iron was made from bog ore. The ore was gathered in the spring, while the smelting …
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##tihuan2##Geochemical and mineralogical composition of bog iron ore as a resource for prehistoric iron production - A case study of the Widawa catchment area in Eastern Silesia, Poland. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) ... Applying recycled iron-bearing waste materials (RIM) into iron ore sintering process is the general disposal approach …
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##tihuan2##Bog iron is a type of iron ore that forms in wetlands, typically in bogs, as a result of the oxidation of iron-rich water. It was an important source of iron for ancient societies, especially during the Viking Age, providing the raw material needed for metalworking and tool production, which were vital for their economy and daily life.
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