PLATINUM ANGLO AMERICAN SITE VISIT

PGM processing consists of concentration, smelting and refining –concentrators are always co-located and linked with mining Major PGM producers integrated in a resource …

Platinum Production via Extraction, Concentration and …

The study offers a detailed cost analysis of Platinum Production via Extraction, Concentration and Refining. In addition, the report incorporates the manufacturing process with detailed process and material flow, operating costs along with financial expenses and depreciation charges.

Potential Processing Routes for Recovery of …

The beneficiation of platinum group metals (PGMs) from pristine (unweathered) sulfide ores has conventionally been conducted through froth flotation, which typically achieves platinum recoveries ...

Simplified Smelter Process Flow Schematic at Waterval

Download scientific diagram | Simplified Smelter Process Flow Schematic at Waterval. Source: (Jacobs, 2006) from publication: Inventory Assessment of the cleaning of Plant Off-gas in the recovery ...

(PDF) SIMULATION OF PRODUCTION OF NITRIC ACID

HYSYS process flow diagram of Ostwald process for nitric acid production. ... Platinum Metals Rev., 1978, 22, (3), 88-8 ... product acid concentration, temperature and pressure have been analyzed ...

Refining Approaches in the Platinum Group Metal …

Increased mineralogical complexity, lower grade ores, and recent PGM production expansions give rise to the evaluation of the value chain of the capital-intensive conventional matte smelting treatment and …

Refining Approaches in the Platinum Group Metal …

The process flow sheets vary in each operation. The now closed Hartley Platinum operations applied the Outokumpu process. Both processes have the same rationale and the chemistry underlying both …

AVAILABLE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR …

An overall process flow diagram is shown in Figure 1. Each step of the process relates to a specific chemical reaction. A mixture of ammonia and heated air is reacted in a catalytic converter to produce nitric oxide (NO) and water, as shown in Reaction 1. The most common catalyst consists of a 90 % platinum and 10 % rhodium gauze constructed from

(PDF) Evaluation of the Merrill-Crowe process for …

Studies were conducted to evaluate the Merrill–Crowe cementation method for the simultaneous extraction of platinum, palladium and gold associated with copper and nickel from cyanide solutions ...

The block flow diagram of extracting gold from …

The multiple regression analysis is used to find a correlation between the potential of hydrogen ion concentration (pH), solid content (in %), NaCN concentration (in ppm), leaching time (in Hr ...

An Investigation into the Process Mineralogy of the …

Africa, nevertheless a general process flow can be summarized as mining, comminution, concentration, smelting and refining. The Merensky reef at Northam Platinum Ltd. shows a good deal of ...

Primary Metal Production

The Ellingham diagram shown is for metals reacting to form oxides (similar diagrams can also be drawn for metals reacting with sulfur, chlorine, etc., but the oxide form of the diagram is most ... (for example, gold and platinum), and their oxides are unstable and easily reduced. As we move down toward the bottom of the diagram, the metals ...

Process Flow Diagram (PFD): A Complete Guide

This guide is brought to you by Zen Flowchart, the simplest flowchart tool.. A process flow diagram (PFD) is a type of flowchart that represents the integrity of equipment and plant operations. This graphic chart depicts a link among the principal equipment of a facility. Nevertheless, it does not cover minor details such as designations and plumbing.

Extraction of Platinum Group Metals

About 80% of the worlds' reserves for platinum group metals (PGMs) are in South Africa's Bushveld Igneous Complex. Processing of PGM involves comminution, flotation, smelting, converting, base metals …

Extraction of Platinum Group Metals

1. Introduction. Platinum group metals (PGMs) are a group of six elements, namely iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru) [1, 2].PGMs together with gold and silver are classified as noble or precious metals because of their high corrosion and oxidation resistance [1, 2, 3].The …

PGM Ore Processing at Impala's UG-2 Concentrator

Impala Platinum Limited is the second largest platinum producer globally, producing 1.7 million ounces of platinum in 2002/2003, primary from operations on the Bushveld Complex (Figure 1). Consistent with the remainder of the industry, Impala has committed to a significant expansion in production, with some of this expansion

AP42 8.8 Nitric Acid Production

The most commonly used catalyst is made of 90 percent platinum and 10 percent rhodium gauze constructed ... Flow diagram of typical nitric acid plant using single-pressure process ... The acid concentration can vary from 30 to 70 percent nitric acid. The acid concentration depends upon the temperature, pressure, number of absorption

Novel Concentration Process for Platinum Group …

In this study, we developed a new PGM concentration process that combines electroless Cu plating, sulfurization, and flotation for autocatalysts. Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the entire PGM recycling …

Typical process flow diagram of a wastewater treatment plant …

There are numerous ways to treat wastewater, and Figure 1 shows a flow diagram that breaks down the various steps of treatment in the effluent treatment process [7]. Sewage water typically ...

AP-42, CH 12.20: Electroplating

Figure 12.20-2 presents a process flow diagram for decorative chromium electroplating. The process consists of pretreatment, alkaline cleaning, and acid dipping, which were described previously, followed by strike plating of copper, copper electroplating, nickel electroplating, and chromium electroplating.

Understanding the 3 Different Nitric Acid Production Processes

They all produce acid with 60-68% concentration, and each uses essentially the same nitric acid plant design. ... The following chart is the comparison of typical consumption figures for steam turbine driven and inline compressor set nitric acid plants, per ton of nitric acid (), with NOx content in the tail gas of less than 50 ppm ...

OUTOTEC SMELTING SOLUTIONS FOR THE PGM …

Despite the heavy concentration of the platinum production, significant amounts of PGMs are also recovered as by-products during the ... Figure 1-Flow diagram of the Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting Process The concentrate and flux are dried (typically by utilizing the steam produced by the process itself) before feeding to the flash ...

The extractive metallurgy of South Africa's platinum ores

Platinum group metals (PGM) are widely used in catalytic industry due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties (high-temperature stability, high catalyst activity, high heat ...

Sulfuric Acid from Sulfur Updates on Contact Process

Appendix C—Process flow diagrams 43. Tables . Table 2.1 Process summary 7 Table 3.1 Specifications for sulfur sourced from sulfur recovery unit 9 Table 3.2 Properties of catalysts (Haldor Topsøe) 15 Table 3.3 Properties of catalysts (BASF) 15 Table 3.4 Design bases and assumptions—Sulfuric acid production from combustion of sulfur,

Potential Processing Routes for Recovery of Platinum Group …

Simplified water flow sheet for the platinum processing …

Download scientific diagram | Simplified water flow sheet for the platinum processing plant from publication: Quantification of water usage at a South African platinum processing plant | The ...

The Contact Process

According to Le Chatelier's Principle, increasing the concentration of oxygen in the mixture causes the position of equilibrium to shift towards the right. Since the oxygen comes from the air, this is a very cheap way of increasing the conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfur xide. Why not use an even higher proportion of oxygen?

4.3: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams

Once a process flow diagram is made, P&IDs help engineers develop control strategies that ensure production targets are met while meeting all safety and environmental standards. ... The tank should also be drained once the given concentration is achieved and the reaction has gone to completion. The tank can only hold a specified …

The simple flow sheet of recover of platinum …

Download scientific diagram | The simple flow sheet of recover of platinum group metals (PGMs) by hydrometallurgical process (Dong et al., 2015). from publication: Metals smelting-collection ...